TeX is the leading typesetting system for mathematics, science, and
engineering and has been adopted as standard by the American Mathematical
Society. LaTeX was developed later by Leslie Lamport. It is based on TeX and
provides a set of higher level commands for production of complex documents. In
TeX or LaTeX, any text editor program may be used to enter and modify the input
text.
The source text contains the actual text as well as formatting commands
beginning with \. Commands are delimited by any non-alphabetic character.
One example of beautification by TeX is that it uses `` (two
left-single-quotes) and '' (two right-single-quotes) to delimit
quotations, rather than the mundane " (one double quote) which is provided by
most keyboards. Keyboards typically do not have an oriented double-quote,
but they do have a left-single-quote (`) and right-single-quote (').
TeX lets the user type two left-single-quotes (``) to create a
left-double-quote and two right-single-quotes ('') to
create a right-double-quote.
Now, you have a text only file containing
at most 250 lines at most 80 symbols each, as source or input, and you want to
use TeX to beautify it. Rather than doing everything by hand, as the first step
of automation you want to convert the quotes into the TeX format by using a
program. This program will convert the text with double-quotes (") into an
identical text except that double quotes have been replaced by the
two-character sequences required by TeX for delimiting quotations with
oriented double-quotes. The double-quote (") characters should be
replaced appropriately by proper double single quotes depending on whether it is
an opening or closing quotation mark. Question of nested quotations does not
arise. The first " must be replaced by ``, the next by '', the next by
``, the next by '', and so on. An opening
double quote must have its closing quote in the same paragraph. If a match is
not found in the same paragraph for an opening quote, this quote has to be
deleted. Paragraph ends in the source text are marked either by at least one
blank line, or a \par command or both. Your program must also be careful about
the \" command which is used to produce umlaut or dieresis (\"e
leads to ë). These are to be left untouched.
Input
Input will consist of several lines of text containing a number of double
quotes ("), as well as some TeX commands. End of input will be marked by an
\endinput command.
Output
Output will be an exact replica of the input, except the double quotes are to
be modified according to the rules described above.
Sample
input | output |
---|
There is no "q in this sentence. \par
"Talk child," said the unicorn.
She s\"aid, "\thinspace `Enough!', he said."
\endinput
| There is no q in this sentence. \par
``Talk child,'' said the unicorn.
She s\"aid, ``\thinspace `Enough!', he said.''
\endinput
|
Notes
Double-quote (") has ASCII code 34,
left-single-quote (`) has ASCII code 96,
right-single-quote (') has ASCII code 39.
Note that tests may contain characters with ASCII codes more than 127.
Problem Author: Alexander Halperin
Problem Source: Ural State University collegiate programming contest (25.03.2000)